ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

FUNCTION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Most types of adverbial clauses are considered as modifying the verb of the main clause, some more loosely than others. A few types, such as clauses of time or claluses of place,are sometimes interpreted as modifiers of the entri sentence.
POSITON AND PUNTUATION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
Like the adverb, the adverbial clauses has three possible positions.
INITIAL POSITION. Here the adverbial clauses adds one means of variety to a sentence opening. An introductory adverbial clause is usually set off by commas, especially if the clause is long. (However ,there are variations in usage, sometimes even by the same writer). This position gives more emphasis to the adverbial clause ; it may also relate the clause more closely to the preceding sentence. Generally, a long adverbial clause before a short main clause should be avoided to prevent the sentence from appearing “ topheavy ” .
MID-POSITION (often after the subject of the main clause). Hare the adverbial clause must be set off by commas, since it acts as an interrupting element. An adverbial clause in mid-position help to vary the rhythm of the sentence.
FINAL POSITION. This is the most usual place for the adverbial clause (as it is for most adverbial axpressions). Clauses of time and place (often also result, purpose, degree) in final position are generally not set off by commans. For the other clauses, the writer uses a comma if he would pause before one of them in speech, especially if the clause is long or is added as an afterthought.

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
CLAUSES OF TIME

Conjunctions Example
When (ever) You may begin when(ever) you ere ready.
While While he has was walking home, he saw an accident.
Since They have become very snobbish since they moved into their expensive apartment.
Before Shut all the windows before you go out.
After After she finished dinner, she went right to bed.
Until Until Mr. Smith got a promotion in our company, I had never noticed him.
Till We’ll do nothing further in the matter till we hear from you.
As As he was walking in the park, he noticed a very pretty girl.
As soon as I’II go to the post office as soon as I wrap this package.
As long as You may keep my book as long as you need it.
Now(that) Now(that) the time has arrived for his vacation, he doesn’t want to leave.
Once Once she makes up her mind, she never changes it.

CLAUSES OF PLACE

Conjunctions Example
Where She lives where the Johnsons used to live.

Where may be preceded by intensifier, by not , or by both.

Just
Not only Where
Even
Right
Example : He sat, not right where the always sits, but a short distance away.

A conjunction of place may consist of an adverbial compound ending in-Where or -Place, with or without That following it.
Anywhere (that)
Nowhere (that)
Everywhere (that)
Any place (that)
No place (that)
Every plece(that)
Example: He goes everywhere she goes.

CLAUSE OF CONTRAST

There are two types of clause of contrast , concessive and adversative. The concessive clause offers a partial contras – it states a reservation that does not invalidate the truth of the main clause. The adversative clause makes a stronger contrast that may range all the way to complete opposition.

CONCESSIVE CLAUSE
Conjunction example
Although We couldn’t meet the deadline although we worked day and night.
Though Though he had always preferred blondes, he married a brunette.
Even though Even though she disliked the movies, she went with her husband to please him.


ADVERSATIVE CLAUSE
Conjunction example
While While Robert is friendly with everyone, his brother makes very few friends.
Where Where the former governor had tried to get the cooperation of the local chief, the new governor aroused their hostility by his disregard for their opinions.
Whereas Soccer is a popular spectator sport in England, whereas in the united states it is football that attracts large audiences.
When He claim to be a member of the royal family when in fact his family were immigrant.

CLAUSES OF CAUSE

Conjunctions example
Because they had to move because their building was to be torn down.
Since Since he couldn’t take his wife with him, he decided not to go to the conference.
As As he was in a hurry, he hailed the nearest cab.
Now Now he’s inherited his father’s money, he doesn’t have to work any more.
Whereas Whereas a number of the conditions in the contract have not been met, our company has decided to cancel the contranct.
CLAUSES OF RESULT

Conjunctions example
So. . .that
So + adjective + that She is so emotional that every little thing upsate her.
So + adverb + that She behaved so emotionally that we knew something terrible had upset her.
Such (a). . .that
Such a + singular This is suchan ugly chair that I am going to give it away.
countable noun
Such + plural countable These are such ugly chairs that I am going to give them away.
Such + noncountable noun That is suchugly furniture that I am going to give it away.
So They spent their vacation at the seashore, so when they came home they were.

CLAUSES OF PUROSE

Conjunction example
That He decided to take a trip around the world that he might learn about different people and their costoms.
So The flowers will be delivered as late in the evening as possible so they will be fresh for the party.
In the hope that They are working night and day in the hope that they can finish the building at the scheduled time.
To the end that To the end that juctice may be served, the defendant will be offered every opportunity to establish his innocence.

CLAUSES OF CONDITION

Conjunction example
If If I see him, I’II invite him to our party tomorrow.
Even if If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go to the beach tomorrow.
Unless Unless it rains, we’ll go to the beach tomorrow.

CLAUSES OF EXCEPTION (Negatif Condition)

Conjunction example
Except that the building would havealresdy been finished except that a trucking strike had delayed delivery of some material.
But that But that his assailant’s pistol failed to fire, he would surely be dead now.
Save that Save that he lapsed into vulgarity every now and then, he had great appeal to his genteel women readers.

CLAUSES OF MANNER

Conjunction example
As if They all treat him as if he were a king
As though He walked around as though he was in a daze.
As She always does as her husband tells her.


CLAUSES OF DEGREE
Comparison

Counjunction example
Equal comparison Of two units
As The new machine is just as efficient as the old one (was)
+ Adj. or adv . . . as
So The new machine works just as efficiently as the old one (did)