PENGERTIAN GERUND
Gerund adalah kata kerja (Verb)
yang digunakan tetapi fungsinya berubah sebagai kata benda (Noun).
atau dapat juga dikatakan bahwa gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibendakan
(Verbal Noun).
Bentuk dari Gerund adalah: VERB 1 + ING
Contohnya: swimming, shopping, talking, playing, sleeping, eating,
etc.
Fungsi dan Contoh Gerund
1. Menggunakan
Gerund sebagai subject
Apabila Gerund
sebagai Subject, maka Gerund dapat berdiri sendiri atau berbentuk
sebagai frase.
Contoh: Playing football is my hobby.
Bentuk dari kata “playing” pada
kalimat di atas adalah sebagai Gerund, yang berfungsi sebagai
kata benda (Noun).
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2. Menggunakan
Gerund sebagai object
Ada dua
kemungkinan jika Gerund digunakan sebagai Object, yakni Object
of Preposition (Object Kata Depan) dan Object of Verb (Object
Kata Kerja).
- Menggunakan
Gerund Sebagai Object of Preposition (Object
Preposisi)
Formula: Preposition + Gerund
(Verb + Ing)
Contoh:
We talk about going to Bali
for our vacation.
Beberapa preposisi (preposition) lazim yang
sering diikuti oleh Gerund adalah: about, in, for, of, without,
from, by, dan to.
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CATATAN:
Untuk preposisi “to”, boleh diikuti Gerund
jika fungsinya memang sebagai presposisi, bukan bentuk dari infinitif.
Contohnya:
I’m used to sleeping with the window open.
I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window
open.
I look forward to going home next
month.
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- Menggunakan
Gerund Sebagai Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja)
Formula: VERB + Gerund (Verb +
Ing)
VERB +
GERUND
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Enjoy
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quit (give
up)
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go
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consider
(think about)
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Appreciate
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finish
(get through)
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postpone
(put off)
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discuss
(talk about)
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Mind
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delay
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mention
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keep (keep
on)
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Stop
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suggest
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avoid
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Contoh:
I go
shopping with my friends.
I enjoy
playing tennis.
Brian quit
smoking.
Brian give
up smoking.
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3. Gerund sebagai kata majemuk (Compound
Noun) yang mengandung arti alat
Contoh:
Swiming
Pool, Swimming Suit, Shopping Centre, Drawing Book, Sewing Machine, Washing
Machine, Writing Paper, Dinning Table, Shopping Bag, Racing Car, Waiting Room,
Dinning Room, Living Room, Surfing Board, etc.
4. Gerund digunakan untuk membuat suatu
larangan atau peringatan yang singkat
Contoh:
No smoking, no spitting, no parking,
warning, etc.
PENGERTIAN INFINITIVE
Infinitive phrase adalah
frasa yang terdiri dari infinitive dan object (noun
atau pronoun), modifier, atau object dan modifier (noun phrase).
Contoh
Infinitive Phrase
Beberapa contoh infinitive
phrase beserta keterangan bagian-bagiannya adalah sebagai
berikut.
Contoh
Infinitive Phrase
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Keterangan
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to eat an apple
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to run through
the rain
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to be trusted for
all the things
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Posisi
dan Contoh Kalimat Infinitive Phrase
Beberapa posisi dan contoh
kalimat infinitive phrase adalah sebagai berikut.
Fungsi
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Contoh Kalimat
Infinitive Phrase
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Keterangan
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Noun
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To travel without enough money is a bad idea.
(Bepergian tanpa uang cukup adalah ide buruk.)
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Berfungsi
sebagai noun karena merupakan subject kalimat
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To make poor people happy is my dream.
(Membuat orang-orang miskin bahagia adalah impianku.)
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I want to buy the book tomorrow.
(Saya ingin membeli buku tsb besok.)
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to buy a book dan to speak english berfungsi
sebagai noun karena merupakan direct object dari verb want dan learned
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He learned to speak english by taking a course last semester.
(Dia belajar bicara bahasa Inggris melalui kursus semester lalu.)
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His dream
is to visit the country with you.
(Impiannya adalah mengunjungi negara tsb denganmu.)
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Berfungsi
sebagai noun karena digunakan
sebagai subject complement
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His dream, to visit the country with you, has
made him work hard.
(Impiannya, mengunjungi negara tsb denganmu, telah membuatnya bekerja keras.)
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Berfungsi
sebagai noun karena digunakan
sebagai appositive
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The best
time to call him is at night.
(Waktu terbaik untuk menelponnya adalah dimalam hari.)
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to call him dan to ask for forgiveness berfungsi
sebagai adjective karena
memodifikasi noun time dan way.
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It is the wrong
way to ask for forgiveness.
(Itu cara yang salah untuk meminta maaf.)
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To get the accesss, You must register
first.
(Untuk mendapat akses, kamu harus mendaftar terlebih dahulu.)
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Berfungsi
sebagai adverb karena
menjelaskan why you must register
first (mengapa kamu harus mendaftar dulu)
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She goes home by
foot to reduce her fat.
(Dia pulang kerumah jalan kaki untuk mengurangi lemak.)
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Berfungsi
sebagai adverb karena
menjelaskan why she goes home by foot (mengapa dia
pulang dengan berjalan kaki)
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Catatan:
1Adjectival infinitive digunakan
untuk menjelaskan noun dimana posisinya selalu mengikuti noun yang
dijelaskannya.
2Adverbial infinitive digunakan untuk
menjelaskan verb, dimana dapat berada di awal atau akhir kalimat
serta tidak harus berada dekat dengan verb yang
dijelaskannya.
Referensi:
EXERCISES
- He tried to avoid answering
my question.
- Could you please stop making son much noise?
- I enjoy listening
to music
- I considered applying
for the job but in the end I decided against it.
- Have you finished
washing your hair yet?
- If you walk into the road
without looking, you risk to be
knocked down.
- Jim is 65 but he isn”t going to
retire yet. He wants to carry on working.
- I don”t mind you to
use the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.
- Hello ! Fancy seeing you here ! what a surprise
!
- I”ve put off
writing the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
- What a stupid thing to do ! can
you imagine anybody. Being so
stupid?
- Sarah gave up trying to find a job in this
country and decided to go abroad.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES SO THAT THEY
MEAN THE SAME AS THE FIRST SENTENCE. USE –ING.
- I can do what I want and you
can’t stop me. You can’t stop me
doing what I want.
- It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour.
It’s better to avoid driving in
rush hours
- Shall we go away tomorrow
instead of today? Shall we postpone going
today until tomorrow
- The driver of the car said it
was true that he didn’t have a licence. The driver of the car admitted saying that he didn’t have a licence.
- Could you turn the radio down, please? Would you mind turning down the radio please?
- Please don’t interrupt me all
the time. Would you mind stop
interrupting me all the time.
COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH A
SUITABLEVERB.
- Don’t forget to post the letter I gave you
- There was a lot of traffic but
we managed to get to the
airport in time.
- Jill has decided not to drive a car
- We’ve got a new computer in our office. I haven’t
learnt to operate it yet
- I wonder where sue is. She
promised not to be late.
- We were all to afraid to speak.
Nobody dared to speak anything.
PUT THE VERB INTO THE CORRECT FORM,
TO ….OR ING
- When I’m tired, I enjoy watching television. It’s relaxing. (watch)
- It was a nice day , so we
decided to go for a
walk.(go)
- it’s a nice day. Does anyone
fancy going for a walk? (go)
- I’m not in a hurry. I don’t
mind to wait. (wait)
- They don’t have much money.
They cant afford going out very
often. (go)
- I wish that dog would stop barking its driving me mad. (bark)
- Our neighbor threatened to call the police if we didn’t
stop the noise. (call)
- We were hungry, so I suggested to have dinner early. (have)
- Hurry up ! I don’t want to risk
missing the train. (miss)
- Im still lookingfor a job but I hope to find something soon. (find)
