Rabu, 30 April 2014

GERUND AND INFINITIVE


PENGERTIAN GERUND
Gerund adalah kata kerja (Verb) yang digunakan tetapi fungsinya berubah sebagai kata benda (Noun). atau dapat juga dikatakan bahwa gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibendakan (Verbal Noun).

Bentuk dari Gerund adalah: VERB 1 + ING
Contohnya: swimming, shopping, talking, playing, sleeping, eating, etc.

Fungsi dan Contoh Gerund
1. Menggunakan Gerund sebagai subject
Apabila Gerund sebagai Subject, maka Gerund dapat berdiri sendiri atau berbentuk sebagai frase.

Contoh: Playing football is my hobby.
Bentuk dari kata “playing” pada kalimat di atas adalah sebagai Gerund, yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda (Noun).
  

2. Menggunakan Gerund sebagai object
Ada dua kemungkinan jika Gerund digunakan sebagai Object, yakni Object of Preposition (Object Kata Depan) dan Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja).
  • Menggunakan Gerund Sebagai Object of Preposition (Object Preposisi)
Formula: Preposition + Gerund (Verb + Ing)
Contoh:
We talk about going to Bali for our vacation.

Beberapa preposisi (preposition) lazim yang sering diikuti oleh Gerund adalah: about, in, for, of, without, from, by, dan to.
CATATAN:
Untuk preposisi “to”, boleh diikuti Gerund jika fungsinya memang sebagai presposisi, bukan bentuk dari infinitif.
Contohnya:
I’m used to sleeping with the window open.
I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
I look forward to going home next month.
  • Menggunakan Gerund Sebagai Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja)
Formula: VERB + Gerund (Verb + Ing)
VERB + GERUND
Enjoy
quit (give up)
go
consider (think about)
Appreciate
finish (get through)
postpone (put off)
discuss (talk about)
Mind
delay
mention
keep (keep on)
Stop
suggest
avoid
Contoh:
I go shopping with my friends.
I enjoy playing tennis.
Brian quit smoking.
Brian give up smoking.











3.  Gerund sebagai kata majemuk (Compound Noun) yang mengandung arti alat
Contoh:
Swiming Pool, Swimming Suit, Shopping Centre, Drawing Book, Sewing Machine, Washing Machine, Writing Paper, Dinning Table, Shopping Bag, Racing Car, Waiting Room, Dinning Room, Living Room, Surfing Board, etc.
4.  Gerund digunakan untuk membuat suatu larangan atau peringatan yang singkat
Contoh:
No smoking, no spitting, no parking, warning, etc.


PENGERTIAN INFINITIVE
Infinitive phrase adalah frasa yang terdiri dari infinitive dan object (noun atau pronoun), modifier, atau object dan modifier (noun phrase).

Contoh Infinitive Phrase

Beberapa contoh infinitive phrase beserta keterangan bagian-bagiannya adalah sebagai berikut. 
Contoh Infinitive Phrase
Keterangan
to eat an apple
to eat= infinitive
an= determiner (modifier)
apple= noun
to run through the rain
to run= infinitive
through the rain= prepositional phrase (modifier)
to be trusted for all the things
to be trusted= passive infinitive
for all the thing= prepositional phrase (modifier)

Posisi dan Contoh Kalimat Infinitive Phrase

Beberapa posisi dan contoh kalimat infinitive phrase adalah sebagai berikut.
Fungsi
Contoh Kalimat Infinitive Phrase
Keterangan
Noun
Subject
To travel without enough money is a bad idea.
(Bepergian tanpa uang cukup adalah ide buruk.)
Berfungsi sebagai noun karena merupakan subject kalimat
To make poor people happy is my dream.
(Membuat orang-orang miskin bahagia adalah impianku.)
Direct Object
I want to buy the book tomorrow.
(Saya ingin membeli buku tsb besok.)
to buy a book dan to speak english berfungsi sebagai noun karena merupakan direct object dari verb want dan learned 
He learned to speak english by taking a course last semester.
(Dia belajar bicara bahasa Inggris melalui kursus semester lalu.)
Subject Complement
His dream is to visit the country with you.
(Impiannya adalah mengunjungi negara tsb denganmu.)
Berfungsi sebagai noun karena digunakan sebagai subject complement
Appositive
His dream, to visit the country with you, has made him work hard.
(Impiannya, mengunjungi negara tsb denganmu, telah membuatnya bekerja keras.)
Berfungsi sebagai noun karena digunakan sebagai appositive
Adjective1
The best time to call him is at night.
(Waktu terbaik untuk menelponnya adalah dimalam hari.)
to call him dan to ask for forgiveness berfungsi sebagai adjective karena memodifikasi noun time dan way.
It is the wrong way to ask for forgiveness.
(Itu cara yang salah untuk meminta maaf.)
Adverb2
To get the accesss, You must register first.
(Untuk mendapat akses, kamu harus mendaftar terlebih dahulu.)
Berfungsi sebagai adverb karena menjelaskan why you must register first (mengapa kamu harus mendaftar dulu)
She goes home by foot to reduce her fat.
(Dia pulang kerumah jalan kaki untuk mengurangi lemak.)
Berfungsi sebagai adverb karena menjelaskan why she goes home by foot (mengapa dia pulang dengan berjalan kaki)

Catatan:

1Adjectival infinitive digunakan untuk menjelaskan noun dimana posisinya selalu mengikuti noun yang dijelaskannya.                                                            
2Adverbial infinitive digunakan untuk menjelaskan verb, dimana dapat berada di awal atau akhir kalimat serta tidak harus berada dekat dengan verb yang dijelaskannya.

Referensi:
http://blog.umy.ac.id/delinaasriyani/2013/04/26/pengertian-contoh-fungsi-dan-rumus-gerund/#more-456
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-kalimat-infinitive-phrase


EXERCISES
  1.  He tried to avoid answering my question.  
  2.   Could you please stop making son much noise? 
  3.  I enjoy listening to music 
  4.   I considered applying for the job but in the end I decided against it. 
  5.  Have you finished washing your hair yet?
  6.  If you walk into the road without looking, you risk to be knocked down.
  7. Jim is 65 but he isn”t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on working. 
  8.  I don”t mind you to use the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.
  9. Hello ! Fancy seeing you here ! what a surprise ! 
  10.   I”ve put off writing the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
  11. What a stupid thing to do ! can you imagine anybody. Being so stupid? 
  12. Sarah gave up trying to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad.

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES SO THAT THEY MEAN THE SAME AS THE FIRST SENTENCE. USE –ING.
  1. I can do what I want and you can’t stop me. You can’t stop me doing what I want.   
  2.  It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. It’s better to avoid driving in rush hours    
  3. Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? Shall we postpone going today until tomorrow 
  4. The driver of the car said it was true that he didn’t have a licence. The driver of the car admitted saying that he didn’t have a licence. 
  5.  Could you turn the radio down, please? Would you mind turning down the radio please?
  6. Please don’t interrupt me all the time. Would you mind stop interrupting me all the time.

COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH A SUITABLEVERB.
  1. Don’t forget to post the letter I gave you 
  2. There was a lot of traffic but we managed to get to the airport in time.
  3. Jill has decided not to drive a car 
  4.  We’ve got a new computer in our office. I haven’t learnt to operate it yet
  5. I wonder where sue is. She promised not to be late.
  6. We were all to afraid to speak. Nobody dared to speak anything.
PUT THE VERB INTO THE CORRECT FORM, TO ….OR ING

  1.  When I’m tired, I enjoy watching television. It’s relaxing. (watch)
  2. It was a nice day , so we decided to go for a walk.(go) 
  3. it’s a nice day. Does anyone fancy going for a walk? (go)
  4. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind to wait. (wait) 
  5. They don’t have much money. They cant afford going out very often. (go) 
  6. I wish that dog would stop barking its driving me mad. (bark)
  7. Our neighbor threatened to call the police if we didn’t stop the noise. (call) 
  8. We were hungry, so I suggested to have dinner early. (have)
  9. Hurry up ! I don’t want to risk missing the train. (miss)
  10.  Im still lookingfor a job but I hope to find something soon. (find)



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